In a significant stride towards environmental protection and resource utilisation, the Ministry of Coal (MoC) is actively ensuring the proper disposal and repurposing of fly ash generated by thermal power plants. This initiative underscores the Ministry’s commitment to a sustainable future, prioritising environmental well-being and fostering a circular economy.
Fly ash, a byproduct of coal-based power generation, poses substantial environmental challenges if not managed correctly. The Ministry of Coal is taking robust measures to minimise the environmental impact of coal combustion by promoting the proper disposal and utilisation of fly ash. Through extensive research and development, fly ash is now effectively used for filling voids and as a component in construction materials. This not only reduces its environmental footprint but also supports sustainable development practices.
A notable initiative by the Ministry involves allocating mine voids for fly ash disposal. In 2023, a Central Level Working Group (CLWG), chaired by the Additional Secretary of the Ministry of Coal, was established to oversee this process. Thermal Power Plants (TPPs) interested in mine void allocation apply to the Central Electricity Authority (CEA), with applications reviewed during CLWG meetings. So far, 19 mines have been allocated to 13 TPPs. This allocation addresses environmental concerns associated with fly ash disposal and promotes sustainable practices within the coal mining sector. Additionally, approximately 20.39 lakh tonnes of fly ash have been repurposed to date at the Gorbicoal mine pit-1.
According to a notification by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change dated November 3, 2009, “fly ash” encompasses all ash generated, including Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) ash, dry fly ash, bottom ash, pond ash, and mound ash. Its composition, rich in silicon dioxide (SiO2), calcium oxide (CaO), and aluminium oxide (Al2O3), makes it valuable for various applications, transforming potential waste into useful material. Effective management of fly ash promotes its use in construction activities, minimising waste, conserving natural resources, and reducing the carbon footprint.
The Ministry of Coal, in collaboration with the Central Mine Planning and Design Institute (CMPDI), is developing a centralised portal to manage the application process for the allocation of mine voids to TPPs for fly ash backfilling activities. This portal aims to streamline operations, ensuring transparency and efficiency.
Comprehensive feasibility studies are underway to explore optimal methods for mixing fly ash with overburden in operational mines. Standard Operating Procedures (SoPs) have been established to guide the safe and efficient use of fly ash, addressing both safety and administrative considerations. A significant feasibility study is being conducted at the Nigahi operational mine in collaboration with the Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR). This study aims to determine the optimal percentage of fly ash to be mixed with overburden, with results expected soon.
The Ministry of Coal ensures the safe handling and management of fly ash, mitigating potential environmental concerns associated with the leaching of heavy metals and fine particle emissions. The Ministry will continue to innovate and implement sustainable practices, ensuring a cleaner and greener future for India.
